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Impact of electronic cigarette use on the increased risk of diabetes: the Korean Community Health Survey
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Wonseok Jeong, Seungju Kim
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Epidemiol Health. 2024;e2024029. Published online February 13, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024029
[Accepted]
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 Abstract
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Only a few studies have solely investigated the health impacts of electronic cigarettes on diabetes while considering the impact of conventional cigarettes. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of electronic cigarette smoking on diabetes in South Korean dual-, electronic cigarette-, conventional cigarette-, and non-smokers.
METHODS Data were obtained from the 2021 and 2022 Korean Community Health Surveys of 460,603 Korean adults. The main independent variable was smoking behavior. Participants were categorized according to their smoking behavior, as dual smokers, electronic cigarette smokers, conventional cigarette smokers, and non-smokers. The dependent variable, the presence of diabetes, was defined by a doctor’s diagnosis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between smoking behavior and diabetes. Subgroup analyses were also performed to investigate the associations among different socio-economic groups.
RESULTS Conventional cigarette smokers had a higher risk of diabetes than did non-smokers (odds ratio [OR] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19–1.26). More importantly, those who only vaped electronic cigarettes were at high risk of diabetes (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.01–1.32). Lastly, dual smokers had the highest OR for diabetes among other smoking behavior groups (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.22–1.58). Dual smoking was associated with the highest risk of diabetes in most subgroups.
CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that conventional cigarette use and smoking electronic cigarettes negatively impact diabetes, and using both types leads to worse health outcomes. Therefore, cessation of all types of smoking is necessary for a healthy life.
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Summary
Korean summary
이 연구는 한국의 이중 흡연자, 전자담배 흡연자, 일반 담배 흡연자 및 비흡연자들 사이에서 전자담배가 당뇨병에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 데이터는 460,603명의 한국 성인을 대상으로 한 2021년과 2022년 한국 지역사회 건강 조사를 사용하였다. 우리는 일반 담배나 전자담배 사용이 당뇨병에 부정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 발견했으며, 두 가지를 함께 사용하면 건강 상태가 더욱 악화될 수 있다. 이에, 건강한 삶을 유지하기 위해서는 모든 형태의 흡연을 중단하는 것이 필수적이다.
Key Message
This study investigated how smoking electronic cigarettes affects diabetes among Korean dual smokers, electronic cigarette smokers, conventional cigarette smokers, and non-smokers. Data were obtained from the 2021 and 2022 Korean Community Health Surveys of 460,603 Korean adults. We found that using traditional cigarettes or electronic cigarettes adversely affects diabetes, and the combined use of both can lead to worse health outcomes. Therefore, quitting all forms of smoking is essential for maintaining a healthy life.
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